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The purpose of expansion joints in concrete is to allow for the expansion and contraction of concrete. Concrete is a material that can undergo significant changes in volume due to temperature variations and moisture changes. When concrete heats up, it tends to expand; conversely, when it cools down or dries out, it contracts. Without appropriate expansion joints, this movement could lead to cracking, buckling, or other structural damages as the concrete tries to accommodate these changes.

By incorporating expansion joints into concrete structures, designers can provide a way for the material to move freely without compromising the integrity or aesthetic of the concrete installation. These joints create designated spaces where the concrete can expand or contract without exerting internal stresses that might otherwise lead to significant issues down the line.

While other options might contribute to the overall functionality of a concrete structure, they do not address the critical need for managing thermal and moisture movement which is the primary role of expansion joints.